What is defined as an "own goal"?

An "own goal" refers to a situation where a player inadvertently scores a goal in favor of the opposing team, typically by deflecting the ball into their own net without the intent of scoring for their own side. This can occur in various ways, such as when a defender tries to clear the ball but accidentally directs it into their own goal or misplays a pass intended to a teammate.

This definition captures the essence of an own goal, which is always unintentional and highlights the moment's misfortune for the scoring player. In the context of the other options, they do not fit the established definition: a goal scored deliberately against one's own team clearly contradicts the idea of an "own goal," while a penalty kick refers simply to a method of scoring and a disallowed goal pertains to officiating decisions rather than the player's intention.